Paper 2011/063 Original: eprint.iacr.org/2011/063 ↗

Secret Keys from Channel Noise

Abstract

We study the problem of unconditionally secure Secret Key Establishment (SKE) when Alice and Bob are connected by two noisy channels in opposite directions, and the channels are eavesdropped by Eve. We consider the case that Alice and Bob do not have any sources of initial randomness at their disposal. We start by discussing special cases of interest where SKE is impossible, and then provide a simple SKE construction over a binary symmetric channel that achieves some rates of secret key. We next focus on the Secret Key (SK) capacity, i.e., the highest rate of secure and reliable key establishment (in bits per channel use) that the parties can achieve. Relying on the existence of capacity-achieving coding schemes, we propose a multi-round SKE protocol, called the \emph{main protocol}, that proves a lower bound on the SK capacity. The main protocol consists of an initialization round, followed by repeated use of a two-round SKE protocol, called the \emph{basic protocol}. We also provide an upper bound on the SK capacity and show that the two bounds coincide when channels do not leak information to the adversary. We apply the results to the case that communicants are connected by binary symmetric channels.