Paper 2016/540 Original: eprint.iacr.org/2016/540 ↗

Horizontal Side-Channel Attacks and Countermeasures on the ISW Masking Scheme

Abstract

A common countermeasure against side-channel attacks consists in using the masking scheme originally introduced by Ishai, Sahai and Wagner (ISW) at Crypto 2003, and further generalized by Rivain and Prouff at CHES 2010. The countermeasure is provably secure in the probing model, and it was showed by Duc, Dziembowski and Faust at Eurocrypt 2014 that the proof can be extended to the more realistic noisy leakage model. However the extension only applies if the leakage noise $\sigma$ increases at least linearly with the masking order $n$, which is not necessarily possible in practice. In this paper we investigate the security of an implementation when the previous condition is not satisfied, for example when the masking order $n$ increases for a constant noise $\sigma$. We exhibit two (template) horizontal side-channel attacks against the Rivain-Prouff's secure multiplication scheme and we analyze their efficiency thanks to several simulations and experiments. We also describe a variant of Rivain-Prouff's multiplication that is still provably secure in the original ISW model, and also heuristically secure against our new attacks. Finally, we describe a new mask refreshing algorithm with complexity ${\cal O}(n \log n)$, instead of ${\cal O}(n^2)$ for the classical algorithm.