Paper 2024/1222 Original: eprint.iacr.org/2024/1222 ↗

Quantum Implementation and Analysis of ARIA

Abstract

The progression of quantum computing is considered a potential threat to traditional cryptography system, highlighting the significance of post-quantum security in cryptographic systems. Regarding symmetric key encryption, the Grover algorithm can approximately halve the search complexity. Despite the absence of fully operational quantum computers at present, the necessity of assessing the security of symmetric key encryption against quantum computing continues to grow. In this paper, we implement the ARIA block cipher in a quantum circuit and compare it with previous research. Our implementation of the ARIA quantum circuit achieves over 92.5% improvement in full depth and over 98.7% improvement in Toffoli depth compared to the implementation proposed in Chauhan et al. Compared to Yang et al.’s implementation, our implementation is improved the full depth by 36.7% and the number of qubits by 8%. Additionally, we analyze the complexity of Grover’s search attack and compare it with NIST criteria. We confirm that ARIA achieves quantum security level 1, 3, and 5 (ARIA-128, 192, and 256, respectively).