Paper 2025/1983 Original: eprint.iacr.org/2025/1983 ↗

SCORE: A SlotToCoeff Optimization for Real-Vector Encryption in CKKS

Abstract

We present SCORE, a tweaked version of the SlotToCoeff operation tailored to the context of encrypted real vectors in the CKKS scheme, where SCORE stands for “SlotToCoeff Optimization for Real-Vector Encryption”. This approach accelerates CKKS bootstrapping algorithms that employ the SlotToCoeff operation as their final step, provided the inputs are encryptions of real vectors. SCORE constitutes a conceptually simple refinement of the conventional SlotToCoeff step that can be seamlessly incorporated into existing bootstrapping algorithms. Despite its minimal nature, the technique yields tangible performance improvements. We demonstrate its utility through proof-of-concept implementations for two such algorithms: the conventional bootstrapping algorithm and the SPRU algorithm, which is particularly efficient for ciphertexts containing a small number of encrypted slots. Our results indicate notable performance gains of up to $2\times$ compared to the original formulations of the algorithms.