Paper 2025/2063 Original: eprint.iacr.org/2025/2063 ↗

QUIC-MLS: Making a Space Security Draft Standard Resilient for Disconnected Environments

Abstract

Among standardization efforts for space and interplanetary network security, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is driv- ing work on space network security, accounting for the unique proper- ties of space environments that make space communication challenging. This includes long, variable-length delays, packet loss, and intermittent end-to-end connectivity. Within these efforts, there is a focus on using IP-based protocols for security, and in particular the use of the QUIC protocol. This is unsurprising given QUIC’s growing popularity and of- fer of optimization intended for reducing latency. However, QUIC uses the Transport Layer Security (TLS) key exchange handshake protocol, which was originally designed for ‘connect and forget’ style Internet con- nections at scale. It is also session-based, where protocol participants require reestablishment of the session for each reconnection – a costly maneuver in the space setting. Furthermore, TLS by default does not achieve strong post-compromise security properties within sessions, ex- hibiting a risk under long-lived connections, and need for synchronous handshakes to counteract this are in functional contrast to the space environment, which has intermittent end-to-end connectivity. We address both drawbacks of QUIC by introducing QUIC-MLS: a vari- ant of QUIC which replaces the session-based, synchronous TLS hand- shake with the standardized continuous key agreement protocol, Mes- saging Layer Security (MLS), which achieves asynchronous forward se- crecy and post-compromise security. In addition to the design itself, we implement our design and provide benchmarks, and analyze our new construction in a formal cryptographic model.