Paper 2025/2106 Original: eprint.iacr.org/2025/2106 ↗
SoK: Blockchain Oracles Between Theory and Practice
Abstract
Oracle services enable dApps to access real-world data and respond to events happening outside the blockchain ecosystem. A large number of academic and industrial oracles have emerged, capturing various designs, capabilities, and security assumptions/guarantees. This rapid development makes it challenging to comprehend existing solutions, understand their trade-offs, and build on them. In this paper, we introduce a systematization of knowledge for blockchain oracles. We develop a multi-dimensional systematization framework assessing existing solutions based on their capabilities, trust and security assumptions/guarantees, and their design architectures. To further aid in this assessment, we go on to distill a number of insights and gaps, and provide a guide for practitioners (on the use of these oracles) and researchers (by highlighting future research avenues).
Metadata
- Available format(s)
PDF- Category
- Applications
- Publication info
- Preprint.
- History
- 2026-09-21: last updated
- 2025-11-16: published
- Short URL
- https://ia.cr/2025/2106
- License
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
BibTeX
@misc{cryptoeprint:2025/2106,
author = {Colin Finkbeiner and Ghada Almashaqbeh},
title = {SoK: Blockchain Oracles Between Theory and Practice},
howpublished = {Cryptology {ePrint} Archive, Paper 2025/2106},
year = {2025},
url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2025/2106}
}