Paper 2026/523 Original: eprint.iacr.org/2026/523 ↗

RISC-V based Vectorization of Classic McEliece Key Generation

Abstract

Quantum computers can break or weaken classical cryptography using Shor’s and Grover’s algorithms. This threat drives the development of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms, such as the Classic McEliece (CM) algorithm, which resists quantum attacks by relying on hard problems in coding theory. However, the complex computation and large key size make it challenging to implement CM in an efficient way in terms of computational performance. This research is the first to thoroughly explore and implement RISC-V Vector Extensions (RVV) for the acceleration of the CM key generation process. First, an evaluation is done of auto-vectorized and manually vectorized implementations of CM using the RISC-V Vector Extension Version 1.0 (RVV1.0), based on multiple vector register configurations. Further, several new custom RVV instructions are proposed to speed up the implementation even more. The presented work gives insight into the practical implementation capabilities of RVV for the speed-up of CM key generation on an FPGA.